How can building materials contribute to indoor air pollution?

Building materials play a significant role in indoor air quality, and one of the primary ways they can contribute to indoor air pollution is through off-gassing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and promoting conditions favorable for mold growth. Many common materials, such as paints, adhesives, sealants, and certain types of flooring or furniture, can release VOCs into the air over time, especially when they are new. These VOCs can lead to a range of health issues, including headaches, respiratory problems, and even long-term effects such as damage to the liver or kidneys.

Additionally, some materials can retain moisture or provide a surface for mold growth, particularly in environments where humidity is not properly controlled. Mold can produce allergens and irritants, exacerbating health problems for those with allergies, asthma, or other respiratory conditions.

The other options do not accurately reflect the reality of how building materials influence indoor air quality. Some materials may improve air flow, but this is typically discussed in the context of overall building design rather than a direct contribution to indoor air quality issues. Additionally, building materials do not exclusively affect outdoor air quality—rather, they can have a significant impact on the air quality that occupants breathe indoors. Thus, the answer highlighting off-gassing